Nails, like hair, are nothing more than appendages of the skin and primarily perform a protective function. Nails are horny formations that have a lamellar shape. These plates lie on the nail bed and their main function is to protect the fingertips from mechanical damage. 
Everyone has their own attitude towards their own nails: some take them for granted and cut their nails almost to the meat once a week; some consider them a convenient device in their life for opening jars, lids, etc. etc., for the other half of humanity, nails are one of the important components of appearance and they spend time and money to ensure that their nails are flawless and look exclusively like decoration. But for any of us it is important that they are healthy, because... Only on healthy, dense and smooth nails will both varnish and other strengthening materials adhere well and last for a long time, and they also look more aesthetically pleasing.
IN ORDER TO CONSIDER METHODS OF RESTORING THE NAIL PLATE, LET'S RECALL ITS STRUCTURE 
Nail growth begins in the matrix or, as it is also called, the nail root. This is the back part of the nail plate which is completely hidden under the rear nail fold, a small part of the root protrudes from under the roller in the form of a whitish area of the nail lune, it is in the matrix that the formation of np occurs. The matrix consists of epithelial cells that develop into nail plates.
The visible part of the nail - the nail plate, consists of keratin, this is a protein that is present in the skin and from which hair is formed, the density of keratin in nails and hair depends on the amount of sulfur. The bonds formed between the molecules strengthen the protein and make it hard; a large amount of sulfur is also hereditary; if you have had soft thin nails since childhood, as sad as it is, nothing can be changed, except perhaps by extending them, but if suddenly previously strong nails suddenly become weak and soft, then this is most likely a lack of some substances in the body.
Between the layers of keratin there are thin layers of fat and water, it is these layers that give it elasticity and shine. The nail can absorb water, thereby increasing its thickness, so people who frequently come into contact with water have soft and thick nails.
In addition to sulfur, the nail also contains other microelements: calcium, chromium, phosphorus, selenium and zinc; their presence makes the nail healthy. They grow slower than hair and on average per week, fingernails grow by 1 mm, and toenails by 0.25 mm. Complete renewal of the nail plate occurs in approximately 3-4 months.
Nails are often an indicator of painful processes in our body, for example, longitudinal grooves indicate the presence of chronic inflammatory diseases (paranasal sinuses, teeth or incipient rheumatism).
Transverse grooves may indicate diseases of the internal organs (kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract), and also that the body lacks zinc, because Since zinc is found mainly in products of animal origin, it is primarily vegetarians who suffer from its deficiency.
If dents and depressions give the nail the appearance of a thimble, this is a warning sign of psoriasis. Nails in the shape of watch glasses very often indicate lung disease (bronchitis or oncology). Yellow coloring of nails indicates a diseased liver. Lumpy and yellowish nails occur with diabetes and fungal infection.
Nails have long had an aesthetic value for our appearance; without beautiful, well-groomed, healthy nails it is impossible to imagine a single complete female image, and for this to be possible, nails must be prepared with daily care and a well-performed manicure.
REASONS LEADING TO INJURY AND WEAR OF THE NAIL PLATE
1. Stress - As soon as it enters our lives, in 2-2.5 months someone’s hair will fall out, someone’s nails will suddenly begin to peel, or maybe both together.
2. The genetically determined thickness of the nail depends on the length of the matrix; the longer the matrix, the thicker the nail; with dystrophies or injuries of the matrix apparatus, part of it can be completely lost, as a result of which the nail becomes thinner. If the nail plates become rough or “peel off” in thin strips during treatment, harsh nail polish removers are to blame because they eat away the natural protective keratin layer.
3. Very often, thick, concentrated dishwashing detergents (Ferry) severely delaminate the nail plate.
4. Now about 40% of the population suffers from vegetative-vascular dystonia (constant cold hands and feet). Due to poor blood supply to the extremities, the nutrition of the nails is disrupted, which means growth slows down. People with this problem need to massage their hands and feet every day.
5. We must not forget that nail extensions/removal should only be performed by a professional nail technician, but sometimes it happens that, due to lack of time, the necessary time is not maintained to remove the artificial material and the upper scales are torn off, resulting in damage and microcracks on the surface of the nails. . 
HOW DOES THE NAIL PLATE ADHESIVE TO THE MATERIAL?
With the help of chemical-physical adhesion: with physical adhesion, we ourselves buff the nail plate so that the material adheres to the scales of the nail and thereby thins it; with chemical adhesion, the material adheres to the nail plate using chemical reagents (bondex and primers, which themselves leach and dry out the nail plate).
In both cases, the material penetrates deeper into the surface layer of the nail plate the older the client is (with age, nails often become more porous, resulting in shrinkage of the gels). In this case, it is more difficult to remove the material from the nail plate and it is recommended to make corrections with a cutter.
On the nail industry market there is a Soft gel material, in which adhesion works on the principle of adhesive tape and in this case, the removal of the material occurs quickly and not traumatically.
How to restore a nail plate?
It is necessary to stimulate its growth, provide blood flow to the nail plate, thereby increasing the rate of fusion, while it must be constantly trimmed, because nails often lose their vitality and become brittle.
It takes patience and time. To do this, it is better to carry out an enhanced procedure to restore them, fill them with vitamins, microelements, and oils.
There are a huge number of nail restoration products on the nail service market. When choosing products, you need to pay attention to the constituent components, preferably in composition they should be close to the nail plate, i.e. look at the presence of sulfur, zinc, selenium, and silk proteins in them.
Accelerates nail growth - hormonal changes (adolescence, pregnancy, premenstruation), spring time.
Growth is slowed down by an overly strict diet low in fat, proteins and vitamins, diseases accompanied by circulatory and metabolic disorders, stress, and the habit of biting nails.
Due to the layered and porous structure of the nail, 2 2 simultaneous processes occur in it, characteristic of the skin itself - absorption and sweating, unlike the skin, these processes occur passively in the nails since they lack regulatory mechanisms.
Due to their high permeability, nails produce up to 12% of skin effusion per day and also absorb everything that is on their surface, they actively absorb water that the skin does not absorb, various methods of treatment and restoration of nails are based on this.
12 METHODS OF NAIL TREATMENT AND RESTORATION
Method 1: Hot manicure, when blood circulation is increased as a result of heating a special nourishing lotion to 40-45 degrees, as a result, the pores of the nail expand and it becomes permeable for vitamins to enter the nail growth zone. The lotion contains lanolin, mink fat, vitamin A, E, and mineral oils. This procedure stimulates growth and nails stop breaking and peeling, the cuticle will begin to grow more slowly, and hangnails will gradually disappear.
It is worth noting that the lanolin included in the lotion is a natural wax of animal origin (wool fat) secreted by the skin glands of sheep, it has the properties of retaining moisture, is well absorbed and has softening properties, is registered as additive E 913, and is included in many moisturizing creams. Regularity is necessary for accumulation.
Method 2: Sealing, when special pastes similar in composition to the nail plate (contain silicon, sulfur, keratin, lanolin) are rubbed into it, the scales are sealed and as a result the sensitivity of the nail plate, which occurs after removing the artificial material, is reduced. Nails stop peeling and acquire a healthy natural shine and elasticity.
Method 3: Covering the base with various treatment bases, even under Vinylux, which protect against daily harmful effects and which include a number of useful substances.
Method 4: it is recommended to buy mineral oils and use them daily at home, rub them into the... Massage with oil stimulates the blood supply to the... Visit a specialist regularly to carry out rehabilitation therapy (at least 3-4 months). And masters can add lemon and tea tree oils to the baths.
Method 5: Layered scales can be professionally glued in a salon with soft Soft Biogel Calgel using silk, this procedure will strengthen the nail plate and make it possible to wear the gel for a longer time. Lost NP (more often found in pedicures) can also be restored in the shortest possible time with soft gel, prosthetics can be made - ideal adhesion and aesthetics. BIO gel Calgel allows the nail plate to recover, as it is an oxygen-permeable gel.
Method 6: The oil, which contains squalane, has proven well, both in cosmetology and in nail services. It has the ability to protect the cell from the action of free radicals, enhances the cell’s immunity, and is used for enhanced restoration of the pores and cuticle care, as there is a very good regeneration process. Squalane oil is an excellent restorative agent for NP.
Method 7: Pay attention to how the masters do the manicure. What happens to the nail when we file it and put it in water? – the cut swells, the nail absorbs water and this leads to delamination of the nail. With waterless dry manicure using keratolytics or hardware manicure, there is no problem of delamination.
Method 8: When working with soft Soft gels, the final layer should not be replaced with hard gels; many masters do this to enhance shine and simplify the work. Such a replacement leads to overdrying of the product.
Method 9: Keratin is successfully restored when rubbed into the area. “Gel reconstructor” present in it contains amino acids, a complex of natural bioregulators, elastin, collagen, allantoin, nourish and saturate the skin. micronutrients. The use of “Reconstructor Gel” together with “Propolis Gel” accelerates the recovery of the injured area.
Method 10: Regarding varnish solvents. The main solvents used are ethyl acetate EA and butyl acetate BA, the rate of film formation depends on the ratio of these components, but the faster the film dries, the less time there will be for the formation of adhesive bonds between the film and the NP and the less stable the varnish will be. To reduce the cost of production, these products are sometimes replaced with toluene and isopropyl alcohol. Remember - these substances are carcinogens, they are not excreted from the body! This is especially dangerous for pregnant women. A natural nail must be covered with a medicated base (if you do not want to apply colored varnish) - it is much healthier and safer for nails when they have protection from daily harmful influences.
Method 11: After you have treated your nails and are ready to apply decorative varnish, be sure to put a medicinal base underneath it.
Method 12: For healthy skin, hair and nails, it is recommended to introduce vitamins and microelements into your diet. For example, if carbohydrates predominate in the diet, then the body will need more vitamins B2 and C.
When stripes form on the nails and nail growth slows down, we can say there is a lack of vitamin B. If there is a lack of protein in the diet, the transformation of keratin is disrupted. With a lack of vitamin A, nails become dry and brittle, a deficiency of vitamin C is manifested by pinpoint depressions and delaminations, cracks on the heels.
Lack of vitamin E leads to brittleness and hangnails. The best solution may be a balanced diet. It is necessary to regularly eat liver, fatty sea fish, cheese, eggs, fresh vegetables and fruits, they contain vitamin A. Vitamin E is found in seeds and nuts, vegetable oils and cereals, legumes, milk, egg yolk, green salad.
These vitamins have antioxidant effects and work best in pairs, complementing each other. In order for the body to receive a sufficient amount of ascorbic acid, it is necessary that there are always berries, fruits, and brightly colored vegetables on the table, especially a lot of vitamin C in sea buckthorn, citrus fruits, and sweet peppers.
It is impossible to grow long beautiful nails without vitamin B, which is involved in the formation of keratin and is found in green vegetables, buckwheat, oatmeal, dairy products, yeast, nuts, brown rice, seafood and meat. For better absorption of calcium, the body needs vitamin D, most of it is produced under the influence of the sun, and it is also found in fish, fish liver, milk, butter, cottage cheese, and cheese. Dishes containing gelatin will help avoid fragility and brittleness.
We know that there is no universal method, no remedy that is equally suitable for everyone. It all depends on the individual characteristics of the person. From the amount of materials that are on the market, we can choose and use one or another program that is suitable specifically for you or your client. The choice is huge - choose, read the composition, find yourself a qualified master, come for training.
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